The Effects Of Freezing Stress On The Lipid Membrane Of...

The Effects of Freezing Stress on Lipid Membranes of Select Turfgrasses James R. Underwood Oklahoma State University Author Note James R. Underwood, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University Correspondence concerning this review should be addressed to James Underwood, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074. Contact: james.r.underwood@okstate.edu Abstract The Effects of Freezing Stress on Lipid Membranes of Select Turfgrasses Introduction The intention of this literature review is to assess the current knowledge regarding freezing tolerance on American buffalograss, bermudagrass, perennial ryegrass, St. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass. While papers do not directly address the lipid membranes specifically they look at factors that are known to strengthen lipid membranes and increase their tolerance to freezing stress. Before moving into the literature review section a quick review of freezing damage to lipid membranes to provide the connection of freezing stress to that of lipid membrane damage as mentioned in the papers. Freezing Damage to Lipid Membranes Freezing stress can cause multiple stress and damages to the cell, but what has been best shown Literature Review American Buffalograss A study over two years into American buffalograss (Bouteloua dactyloides) by S. Ball, et al. in 2002 established a correlation between endogenous soluble